Diabetes mellitus is a chronic condition that affects the way the body processes blood sugar, also known as glucose. 
Glucose comes from food and serves as the main source of fuel for the body. In people with diabetes, the body either doesn't produce enough of a hormone called insulin or doesn't properly use the insulin it produces. Insulin helps regulate blood sugar levels, so if there is an issue with insulin, it can lead to diabetes.
There are two types of diabetes: type 1 and type 2. Type 1 diabetes is commonly diagnosed during childhood as it is caused by the body's inability to produce insulin. Type 2 diabetes is more common worldwide and is usually diagnosed in adulthood when the body is not able to properly use insulin.
Some symptoms of diabetes include increased thirst, frequent urination, blurred vision, increased hunger, tingling or numbness in the hands or feet, dizziness, and slow healing of cuts. These are common symptoms seen in people with diabetes, but some individuals may not experience them as it can vary from person to person.
To test for diabetes, your doctor will check your fasting blood sugar levels after you have not eaten for at least 8 hours. Your doctor may also order a hemoglobin A1c test, which measures your average blood sugar over the past 2-3 months. A high fasting blood sugar level and high A1c level may indicate diabetes. In some cases, your doctor may recommend an oral glucose tolerance test, which involves drinking a sugary liquid and then measuring blood sugar levels at timed intervals to observe how the sugar is processed.
Diabetes is a serious condition that requires management to prevent further complications. If you experience any of these symptoms mentioned, it is important to speak to your doctor as soon as possible.
For more information, visit the Prairie Lakes Healthcare System website or call 605-882-7000.
Dr. Mian Javaid, Hospitalist